History+of+Mobile+Satellite+Commmunications



-Communication satellites provide the bridges for a number of new, specialized markets in commercial and private telecommunications and create ties between nations. -In their more than 40 years existence, they have become fixed satellite communications (FSG). Eventually, mobile sat- ellite communications (MSG), navigation and determination came to serve navies, ground and air forces worldwide and, for economic reasons, also provided commercial MSG. -because ocean-going vessels have Isecome dependent on mobile satellite services (MSS) for their commercial and safety communica- tions. -The modified ship's mobile Earth stations (MES) are today implemented on land (road or railway) vehicles and aircraft for afl civil and military applications, including remote or rural locations and industrial onshore and offshore installations. -The GPS, GLONASS and other new global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide precise positioning data for vessels, air- craft and land vehicles -In October 1945, the British radar exj^ert and writer of science fiction books Arthur G. Glarke proposed that only three communications satellites in geostationary earth orbit (GEO) could provide near global coverage for TV broadcasting. -after the Patriotic War The satellite era began when the Soviet Union shocked the world with the launch of the first artificial satellite. Sputnik I, on 4 October 1957 - This launch marked the beginning of the use of artificial Earth satellites to extend and enhance the horizon for radio communications, navigation, weather monitoring and remote sensing. -That was soon followed on 31 January 1958 by the launch of the US satellite. Explorer I = The development of satellite communications and navigation signified the beginning of the space race. -The first satellite naxigation system, called Transit, was developed by tbe US Navy and became operational in 1964. The great majority' of the satellite navigation receivers has worked with this system since 1967 and has already attracted about 100,000 mobile and fixed us- ers worldwide. -world was established between the vessel-oil platform "Deep Sea Explorer," which was operated close to the coast of Madagascar, and the Phillips Petroleum Co. in Bartlesville, OK, on 9 July 1976, using AOR CES and CEO of the Marisat system. -Tbe Transit system was switcbed off in 1996 to 2000 after more tban 30 years of reliable service. By tben, the US Department of Defense was fully converted to the new Global Positioning System (GPS). However, the GPS service could not have tbe market to itself; the ex-Soviet Union developed a similar system called Global Naviga- tion Satellite System (GLONASS) in 1988. -tbe GPS or GLONASS system provides continuous position and speed in all three dimen- sions, equally effective for navigation and tracking at sea, on land and in tbe air. -Finally, several interesting projects are developing in Europe, Japan and the US for new mobile andfixedmul- timedia stratospheric communication platform (SGP) sys- tems powered by fuel or tbe sun's energy and maimed or unmanned aircraft or airsbips equipped witb transponders and antenna systems at an altitude of approximately 20 to 25 km. km. - At tbe end of this race, a new mobile satellite revolution is coming, wbereby anyone can carry a personal bandheld telephone using simviltaneously satellite or cel- lular/dual systems at sea, in the car, in the air, on the street, in rural areas, in the desert, that is to say everywhere and in all positions. -witb new stratospberic platform wireless systems using aircraft or airships.